Bark of European white birch G. Lumis: Leaf of European white birch G. Lumis: Scientific Name: Betula pendula. The thin sheets of bark that peel off young wood contain a waxy resin and are easy to ignite even when wet. [4], The leaves have short, slender stalks and are 3 to 7 cm (1.2 to 2.8 in) long, triangular with broad, untoothed, wedge-shaped bases, slender pointed tips, and coarsely double-toothed, serrated margins. It has been introduced to North America and planted as an ornamental, it is considered invasive in some areas of the U.S and Canada. Summary Foliage: Small glossy-green saw-toothed leaves, yellow fall colour Bark: White, non-peeling bark that turns black with age Height: 40 to 50 feet Spread: 10 to 30 feet It has been introduced into North America, where it is known as the European white birch, and is considered invasivein some states in the … [4] Its tolerance to pollution make it suitable for planting in industrial areas and exposed sites. The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind. Its range extends into Siberia, China, and southwest Asia in the mountains of northern Turkey, the Caucasus, and northern Iran. [4] Historically, the bark was used for tanning. [1], The silver birch is Finland's national tree. Betula pendula, commonly known as silver birch, warty birch, European white birch,[2] or East Asian white birch,[3] is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia, though in southern Europe, it is only found at higher altitudes. Fruits are small, winged nutlets held in pendulous catkins. Purple Rain® European White Birch Betula pendula 'Monle' Sku #1236. The ornamental European white birch and its cut-leaf varieties are attacked by both of these sawflies. The bases of European white birch leaves are blunt and the tips long and pointed. [6], Several varieties of B. pendula are no longer accepted, including B. pendula var. The tree likes Sun to half-shade at the location and the soil should be sandy to loamy, dry - moist. use escape to move to top level menu parent. Browse the curated collection and add your voice! AUDIO. This species has white bark that peels slightly. The leaves are ovoid and the flowers are yellow. "Identification and isolation of pharmacologically active triterpenes in Betuale cortex, European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betula_pendula&oldid=990636506, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Photos. [24] Silver birch is often planted in parks and gardens, grown for its white bark and gracefully drooping shoots, sometimes even in warmer-than-optimum places such as Los Angeles and Sydney. Golden brown on twigs and young branches, the bark matures to silvery white with black clefts. Smooth in … Also known as silver birch, the European white birch (Betula pendula) is a tall, slender tree that grows up to 50 feet tall, producing long, swaying branches lined with triangular, tooth-edged leaves. Leaf mar, gins are double serrated, leaf tip is long and pointed, Natural Areas Conservation Training Program, Black walnut toxicity (plants tolerant of), Preventing construction damage to trees and shrubs, Trees and shrubs for the four seasons landscape, Sudden Oak Death, Ramorum Blight and Phytophthora ramorum, Eastern United States Wetlands Collection. No need to register, buy now! It needs plenty of light and does best on dry, acid soils and is found on heathland, mountainsides, and clinging to crags. Light Needs. Aphids, leaf miner and birch skeletonizer may also occur. It is also distinguished cytologically, silver birch being diploid (with two sets of chromosomes), whereas downy birch is tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes). This tree has an attractive pendulous habit. Use of this tree is limited by its susceptibility to bronze birch borer. [7] In the southern parts of its range, it is mainly found in mountainous regions. In the spring, large quantities of sap rise up the trunk and this can be tapped. [19] Birch dieback disease can affect planted trees, while naturally regenerated trees seem less susceptible. On older trees, the trunk becomes black. The White Birch of Europe has been introduced into southern Canada and northern parts of the U.S. Download European white birch stock photos. They grow best in full sun planted in deep, well-drained soil.[29]. Facts. Betula pendula is commonly known as the European birch. The graceful, arching, open-branched pyramidal form when young matures to a stately oval to rounded form in time. The dead twigs are also useful as kindling for outdoor fires. Dark green leaves are rhomboid in shape. European weeping birch is, true to its common name, native to Europe, but found in patchy locales around New England. Golden brown on twigs and young branches, the bark matures to silvery white with black clefts. The leaves can be brewed as tea, infused in oil, and utilized in extract making. The Japanese monarch birch (B. maximowicziana) is a valuable timber tree of Japan, especially in the plywood industry. [18] In Germany, almost 500 species of insects have been found on silver and downy birch including 106 beetles and 105 lepidopterans, with 133 insect species feeding almost exclusively on birch. Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. Trees growing in open, sunny areas such as around homes and along roadsides seem to be preferred and frequently suffer the heaviest browning. Simple, alternate leaves; 1 to 3 inches long.Dark green leaves are rhomboid in shape. The silver birch typically reaches 15 to 25 m (49 to 82 ft) tall (exceptionally up to 31 m (102 ft)),[4] with a slender trunk usually under 40 cm (16 in) diameter. [6] [10], Three subspecies of silver birch are accepted:[11][1], B. pendula is distinguished from the related B. pubescens, the other common European birch, in having hairless, warty shoots (hairy and without warts in downy birch), more triangular leaves with double serration on the margins (more ovoid and with single serrations in downy birch), and whiter bark often with scattered black fissures (greyer, less fissured, in downy birch). About this Product: The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be 5 - 25 m (16 - 82 ft) high. The European white birch (B. pendula, sometimes erroneously called B. alba), also known as silver birch or common birch, has slender, drooping branches and small, sharp-pointed leaves about 6 cm (2 inches) long.It may grow to a height of 15 m on light soils. The silver birch is a medium-sized deciduous tree that owes its common name to the white peeling bark on the trunk. Many species of birds and animals are found in birch woodland, the tree supports a wide range of insects and the light shade it casts allows shrubby and other plants to grow beneath its canopy. Within a submenu, use escape to move to top level menu parent. Walter Chandoha; Gray birch, paper birch, river birch, sweet birch, yellow birch, and white birch are the best known; white birch is usually called silver birch in England, but the latter name is also sometimes given to paper birch and to yellow birch. See this plant in the following landscape: Rock & Water Garden Cultivars / Varieties: 'Crispa' [1][11] B. szaferi was previously considered extinct in the wild on the Red List, but is now considered a form of B. pendula with the presence of a mutant gene, causing it to grow weakly and fruit heavily. The pyramidal shape of the crown becomes rounded with a graceful, somewhat pendulous branching habit, and grows to a height of 40 to 50 feet and width of 10 to 20 feet. As they are shallow-rooted, they may require water during dry periods. [20] This disease also affects B. pubescens and in 2000 was reported at many of the sites planted with birch in Scotland during the 1990s. European White Birch is a mid-sized shade tree native to Eurasia. Its light seeds are easily blown by the wind and it is a pioneer species, one of the first trees to sprout on bare land or after a forest fire. We studied the between-tree and within-tree variation in the composition and content of foliar low-molecular-weight phenolics (LMWP) of European white birch (Betula pendula Roth) during the unfolding of vegetative buds and during early leaf development. European white birch was once used extensively in landscapes, but its high susceptibility to the bronze birch borer has limited its use in more recent years. Betula pendula, commonly called silver birch or European white birch, is a graceful medium-sized tree with slender pendulous branches and attractive bark. [27] Also present in the bark are other triterpene substances which have been used in laboratory research to identify its possible biological properties. "Silver Birch" redirects here. The European White Birch is a handsome small tree, growing rapidly to 15 or 20 feet tall, and ultimately reaching 30 to 40 feet in height. The… Read More The predominant miner on white birch in recent years has been Messa nana. Light Needs. European White Birch is an ideal landscape tree for parks and gardens. The gray birch has a longer and narrower point on its tip, which makes it almost seem triangular. SEE PRICING & PLANS. [8] It has been introduced into North America, where it is known as the European white birch, and is considered invasive in the states of Kentucky, Maryland, Washington, and Wisconsin. This tree commonly grows with the mycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria in a mutualistic relationship. [25], The outer part of the bark contains up to 20% betulin. Its range extends into Siberia, China, and southwest Asia in the mountains of northern Turkey, the Caucasus, and northern Iran. For the racehorse, see, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T62535A3115662.en. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. It is hardy to zone (UK) 2. Toothy, diamond-shaped foliage emerges glossy green in spring. European Birch: Cut: Crown-cut Rotary-cut is also generally available. Paper birch is named for the tree's thin white bark, which often peels in paper like layers from the trunk. [9] It is naturalised and locally invasive in parts of Canada. The bark remains smooth until the tree gets quite large, but in older trees, the bark thickens, becoming irregular, dark, and rugged. The twigs are slender and often pendulous and the leaves are roughly triangular with doubly serrate margins and turn yellow in autumn before they fall. [1] The synonym Betula oycowiensis (as B. oycoviensis) was previously listed on the Red List as vulnerable,[22] though it is now considered a synonym of B. pendula subsp. 'Youngii' has dense, twiggy, weeping growth with no central leader and requires being grafted onto a standard stem of normal silver birch. New users enjoy 60% OFF. The European white birch, as its name suggests is a species native to Europe and some parts of Asia. Native Area: Europe, Asia Our future. Birch has a white, papery bark and the leaves are simply, alternate, and wedge shaped with a pleasant aroma. Building the urban forest for 2050. Slabs of bark are used for making roof shingles and strips are used for handicrafts such as wooden footwear and small containers. Small shrubs that grow on the forest floor include blaeberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea). It makes a good firewood, but is quickly consumed by the flames. Water Needs. pendula. European white birch, silver birch, warty birch, weeping birch. [11] Other synonyms include:[11][14], The silver birch has an open canopy which allows plenty of light to reach the ground. Download 1,048 European White Birch Tree Stock Photos for FREE or amazingly low rates! Avoid pruning in spring as birches are bleeders and will lose large quantities of sap. A wonderful landscape tree with flaky white bark and terrific fall color. Marssonia leaf spot is noted by the University of Illinois Cooperative Extension as a disease that affects European white birch and only a few other tree species. Smooth in young trees, the bark gets rugged at the base in older trees. [8], The branches of the silver birch often have tangled masses of twigs known as witch's brooms growing among them, caused by the fungus Taphrina betulina. Flowering plants often found in birch woods include primrose (Primula vulgaris), violet (Viola riviniana), bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa), and wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella). In terms of genetic structure, the trees are quite different, but do, however, occasionally hybridise. "Lack of Evidence for Impact of the European White Birch, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194831A2363997.en, "HOSTS – a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants", International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, "Suomen kansallistunnukset (Finland's national emblems)", "Perinteinen saunavihta (Traditional sauna vihta)". FOOTAGE. The small, 1- to 2-mm winged seeds ripen in late summer on pendulous, cylindrical catkins 2 to 4 cm (0.8 to 1.6 in) long and 7 mm (0.3 in) broad. The European birch is susceptible to a few diseases: canker disease, dieback and Marssonina leaf spot. The bark on the trunk and branches is golden-brown at first, but later this turns to white as a result of papery tissue developing on the surface and peeling off in flakes, in a similar manner to the closely related paper birch (B. papyrifera). Due to susceptibility to bronze birch borer (BBB), European white birch is not recommended for planting anywhere in this region and usually require removal and/or replacement. [6] In addition to mycorrhiza, the presence of microfauna in the soil assists the growth of the tree, as it enhances the mobilization of nutrients. It has been introduced into North America, where it is known as the European white birch, and is considered invasive in some states in the United States and parts of Canada. The immature male catkins are present during the winter, but the female catkins develop in the spring, soon after the leaves unfurl. It is in flower in April, and the seeds ripen from July to August. [citation needed]. Quarter-cut is rarely available in suitable quality and leaf widths: Matching: Book-matched This veneer is normally Book-matched. The following menu has 3 levels. It is noted for attracting wildlife. Fenusa pusilla, on the other hand prefers gray birch or gray birch hybrids. Silver birch also demands slightly more summer warmth than does downy birch, which is significant in the cooler parts of Europe. The tree can also be found in more temperate regions of Australia. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. Explore this online platform for Chicago-area residents to share their favorite stories about trees. ... #110097304 - Single silver birch tree leaf on white background. Deciduous. This species also attacks gray and yellow birch as well. The cultivars marked agm above have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. 132,907,161 stock photos online. Bark can be heated and the resin collected; the resin is an excellent waterproof glue and useful for starting fires. Also known as Weeping birch or European white birch, the sliver birch was once used extensively in landscapes, but its high susceptibility to the bronze birch borer has limited its use in more recent years. It is a medium sized tree, typically growing between 15-25 meters tall. It may grow to a height of 15 m on light soils. It is believed that the name “Birch” comes from the Indo-European word “bhereo”which means glossy white. Our communities. The birch is a soft-wooded tree native to northerly climates. The Birch is botanically called Betula pendula. Inconspicuous; male flowers in cylindrical catkins; females also in a cylindrical structure, but much smaller. Yet, downy birches are characterised by hairy leaves and young shoots, whereas the same parts on silver birch are hairless. New foliage has lustrous, vivid purple coloring that is retained through the season. Birds found in birch woodland include the chaffinch, tree pipit, willow warbler, nightingale, robin, woodcock, redpoll, and green woodpecker. As this blog makes clear, it is very pest prone, and since gardeners mostly stopped using strong insecticides, it is very difficult to keep a tree alive for more than a few years. At maturity, lovely contrast occurs between purple foliage and white bark. Old trees are often killed by the decay fungus Piptoporus betulinus and fallen branches rot rapidly on the forest floor. The flowers are catkins and the light, winged seeds get widely scattered by the wind. Betula papyrifera (paper birch, also known as (American) white birch and canoe birch ) is a short-lived species of birch native to northern North America. In midsummer, the female catkins mature and the male catkins expand and release pollen, and wind pollination takes place. Paper birch has a leaf shaped like the point on a spear, with a more rounded base. carelica, fontqueri, laciniata, lapponica, meridionalis, microlepis, and parvibracteata, as well as forms Betula pendula f. bircalensis, crispa, and palmeri. European white birch. Many North American texts treat the two species as conspecific (and cause confusion by combining the downy birch's alternative vernacular name 'white birch', with the scientific name B. pendula of the other species), but they are regarded as distinct species throughout Europe. The species is monoecious with male and female catkins found on the same tree. [21] In the United States, the wood is attacked by the bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius), an insect pest to which it has no natural resistance. Leaf margins are double serrated, leaf tip is long and pointedFall color is yellow to yellow-green. Vectors. Various parts of the tree are used in traditional medicine and the bark contains triterpenes, which have been shown to have medicinal properties. Paper birch is often one of the first species to colonize a burned area within the northern latitudes, and is an important species for moose browsing. The University of California recommends planting birch species that are less susceptible to leafminers, such as river birch (B. nigra) and European white birch (B. pendula). The silver birch is a hardy tree, a pioneer species, and one of the first trees to appear on bare or fire-swept land. ] it is rounded of Europe cultivation requires a climate cool enough for at the... Locally invasive in parts of the tree is limited by its susceptibility to birch! And has become naturalised in Some other parts of the tree 's thin european white birch leaf. Myrtillus ) and cowberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ) and cowberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea.... 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And exposed sites ( 3 ) nonprofit that relies on the other hand prefers gray birch or European white leaves! Pollution make it a wonderful addition to your landscape design the mycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria in a mutualistic.! Soft-Wooded tree native to Europe, but do, however, occasionally hybridise 26. In traditional herbal practices genetic structure, the silver birch tree stock photos for free or amazingly low!..., open-branched pyramidal form when young matures to silvery white with black clefts: multiple names: List. Flowers in cylindrical catkins ; females also in a mutualistic relationship twigs are useful.: Crown-cut Rotary-cut is also native to Europe, but the female mature. By hairy leaves and young branches have whitish resin warts and the light winged... Morton Arboretum is a medium sized tree, it is in flower in April and!, infused in oil, and northern parts of the U.S. European birch! 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Seem to be preferred and frequently suffer the heaviest browning by hairy leaves and young branches, bark! To northern Morocco and has become naturalised in Some other parts of the U.S. European white betula... Of European white birch and its cut-leaf varieties are attacked by both of sawflies...
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