jan tschichold the new typography summary

Tschichold was a prolific writer about the subject of typography, publishing 175 articles over 50 years. Wednesday 13 November 2019. Three stars for being a classic, and a stepping stone to many (better) works that came afterwards. He moved to Berlin and then to Munich where he taught at a technical college for German printers, headed by Paul Renner. For example, he devised brand new characters to replace the multigraphs ch and sch. This puts it into deliberate opposition to the oldtypography whose aim was “beauty” and … In 1923 Jan Tschichold visited the Bauhaus exhibition in Weimar. Introduction: Jan Tschichold and the "Museum" of Graphic Design -- Chapter 1: Jan Tschichold: Typographer, Designer, Theorist -- Chapter 2: The New Typography, 1923-33: Theory and Practice -- Chapter 3: The Final Years: The Fall and Rise of the New Typography -- Primary Texts on the New Typography -- A Note on the Jan Tschichold Collection in the Museum of Modern Art. Very good work. I will say this was very tough for me to get through Tschichold definitely has some valuable things to say but he’s very arrogant. Refresh and try again. By the later 1920's avant garde typography was making inroads into more mainstream commercial design much through the efforts of designer Jan Tschichold. Later, the author rethink his opinion, but there are still useful points in the book. I know I'm supposed to see this in its historical context but it's just absolutely ridiculous, and him being the most arrogant person ever doesn't help at all. This book is enlightening and maddeningly annoying. That said, it's not bad, and there's some valuable tidbits. We’d love your help. This book is an interesting read from a design history standpoint. Jan Tschichold was a prominent twentieth century German typographer and book designer. The New Typography (Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism) by Jan Tschichold ISBN 13: 9780520250123 ISBN 10: 0520250125 Paperback; Ewing, New Jersey, U.s.a.: University of California Press, September 1, 2006; ISBN-13: 978-0520250123 Tschichold uses an ultra-bold font to draw attention to his titles, mainly to … Stirton’s narrative of the new typography throws new light on all of these issues. Physical Description: xliv, 236 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. I wish I had this back when I made my BFA. This book is definitely intended (especially if you’re reading it at this point) for a super niche audience, so would only recommend to someone that’s really jazzed on the history of typography and how graphic design came to be the way it is today. Paul Renner's Futura was considered the best of the lot but not completely satisfactory. Книга написана в далекие 20-е годы, поэтому обладает как минусами, так и плюсами. Jan Tschichold (1903-1972) By the later 1920's avant garde typography was making inroads into more mainstream commercial design much through the efforts of designer Jan Tschichold. For instance, the first letter of headlines would be ridiculously decorated and centered (instead of placed to the left). Tschichold and many of his friends and colleagues were members of the Ring, and their exhibitions helped to promote their new ideas. during a time when most of the newspapers, business letters, business cards... basically any printed form of text was wild and not standardized. Jan Tschichold attended the "Akademie for Grafische Künste and Buchgewerbe "in Leipzig from 1919 until 1921. As Paul Stirton, the curator of ‘Jan Tschichold and the New Typography’ readily admits, his exhibition at the Bard Graduate Center is not primarily a presentation of the work of designer Jan Tschichold (1902–74). • content designed by hierarchy One star for Tschichold's contributions to the design cosmos. Jan Tschichold | 1928 The essence of the New Typography is clarity. Influenced by the new Bauhaus typography, Jan Tschichold began to use serifless typefaces and designed simplified layouts. In the first book on Tschichold to be based on extensive archive research, Burke turns fresh and revealing light on his subject. Tschichold played a crucial role in defining this movement, documenting the theory and practice in his most influential book, The New Typography (1928), still regarded as a seminal text of graphic design. He is best known for writing Die neue Typographie and Typographische Gestaltung which became standard textbooks for the next generation of typographers. The New Typography by Jan Tschichold, 9780520071469, available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide. Instead, works by colleagues of Tschichold’s outnumber examples by Tschichold, which are shown in a single small room. Jan Tschichold was a calligrapher, typographer and book designer. Upon release he left Germany with this wife and son for a teaching position and printing work in Basel, Switzerland. He was a remarkable teacher and an author as well. In March 1933 he was taken into custody by the national socialists for six weeks, consequently losing his teaching job. Tschichold's New Typography and the Relationship to the Bauhaus. The typographer Kurt Weidemann once recalled Jan Tschichold's conviction that no one could write more aptly about Tschichold than Tschichold himself. Minus 1 star for it being dated, arrogant, and sometimes full of shit--pretty, well-designed shit is still shit. Sans serif! Since its initial publication in Berlin in 1928, Jan Tschichold's The New Typography has been recognized as the definitive treatise on book and graphic design in the machine age.First published in English in 1995, with an excellent introduction by Robin Kinross, this new edition includes a foreword by Rich Hendel, who considers current thinking about Tschichold's life and work. Amazing read, and inspired me to pursue design with more rigor and focus- But it's important to look at books Jan Tschichold wrote after this- He flipped his view on many of the things he was adamant about here, and chalks it up partially to a subconscious affect of Nazi Totalitarianism growing up in Germany. He was born in Leibzig, Germany in 1902 and died in Locarno, Switzerland in 1074. This book also charts the development of the New Typography, a broad-based movement across Central Europe that included “The Ring,” a group formed by Schwitters in 1927. In 1923 he was hired at a printing firm where he drew precise page layouts to be executed by the typesetters. Tschichold's New Typography. Jan Tschichold and the New Typography in Weimar Germany. Fig. This book also charts the development of the New Typography, a broad-based movement across Central Europe that included "The Ring," a group formed by Schwitters in 1927. His intentions were to change the spelling by. By the late 1930's he has lost touch with the Circle and the new typography ceased. During that year he attend an exhibition of work by Weimar Bauhaus students at which point Tschichold became a modernist convert. In the second part of his book Tschichold covered the practical matters of type layout. There are no discussion topics on this book yet. Fig 2. Since its initial publication in Berlin in 1928, Jan Tschichold's The New Typography has been recognized as the definitive treatise on book and graphic design in the machine age. He was granted Swiss citizenship. He did not like the typefaces Kabel or Erbar, feeling them too much like artist's faces. Didn't read everything in detail, but bold design, extremely helpful in understanding principles of Tschichold's typography. Traditional layouts, or as he called them, box-style layouts, were boring and lacked hierarchy of importance. Summary: This is an original account of the life and work of legendary designer Jan Tschichold and his role in the movement in Weimar Germany to … Clearly dated. His direction of the visual identity of Penguin Books in the decade following World War II served as a model for the … About this event. Published in conjunction with the exhibition of the same name held at Bard Graduate Center Gallery, New York from February 14th-July 7th 2019. Tschichold argued in favor of standardized paper sizes and using photos in design. It was this group that formulated the principles of what was proclaimed The New Typography. From strongly advocating the beauty of sans serif fonts and clean, organised design 20 years before it took off, to strengthening the design of Penguin books to turn them into the something special that they are. First published in English in 1995, with an excellent introduction by Robin Kinross, this new edition includes a foreword by Rich Hendel, who considers current thinking about Tschichold's life and work. Taking his lead from currents in Soviet Russia and at the Weimar Bauhaus, the designer Jan Tschichold codified the movement with accessible guidelines in his landmark book Die Neue Typographie (1928). Since its initial publication in Berlin in 1928, Jan Tschichold's "The New Typography" has been recognized as the definitive treatise on book and graphic design in the machine age. First published in English in 1995, with an excellent introduction by Robin Kinross, this new edition includes a foreword by Rich Hendel, who considers current thinking about Tschichold's life and work. description of Tschichold's design progression. Since its initial publication in Berlin in 1928, Jan Tschichold's "The New Typography "has been recognized as the definitive treatise on book and graphic design in the machine age. This new style stayed with Tschichold when he moved to England in 1947, where a new chapter of both his personal life and of the entire printed word was about to begin. The 1928 classic on modern typography is worth reading for those who are interested in the historical jump from classic book typography and advertising typography to how we think about type today. It is more of a manifesto to printers to standardize page and paper sizes which has already happened. At the age of 26 he produced his most influential book, The New Typography. This book is to a typographer, what Corbu's Towards A New Architecture is to an architect. It's mind-boggling in our time to think those things were resisted when they were new. I think it’s tough to judge because I’m reading this nearly 100 years after it was written so times and norms are completely different now, but what I loved about this was the way it took me back on the timeline of graphic design and demonstrated what a “design movement” looks like and also made me realize that “good design” is completely relative. The opening line of his manifesto read: “The new typography is purposeful”. Jan Tschichold, Leipziger Messe poster 1922 (fig 1.) Tschichold became both a spokesman and author for the group. Since its initial publication in Berlin in 1928, Jan Tschichold's "The New Typography" has been recognized as the definitive treatise on book and graphic design in the machine age. Let us know what’s wrong with this preview of, Published One of the must read books for designers, artists and other art people. Summary/Review: Richly illustrated with images from Jan Tschichold's little-known private collection of design ephemera, this important book explores a legendary figure in the history of modern graphic design through the artists, ideas, and texts from the Bauhaus that most influenced him. Quite an interesting book, more so if you work in publishing and are able to understand Tschichold's influence in today's publications. If you work with fonts, then I highly recommend this book. Unlike the avant garde artists of his era, Tschichold was a traditionally trained calligrapher and typographer and had formally studied book design at the Leipzig Academy. That said, there were many examples in the book that still today so much later I found very impressive. Volume 33, Number 1, February 2000. (Renner had his typography own book, Mechanisierte Grafik, 1931). Jan Tschichold (pronounced yahn chih-kold), 1902 – 1974, was a highly regarded German calligrapher, typographer, book designer, and educator. typographers, graphic designers, web designers, If you have any interest in typography or graphic design, then this is one book you, This book is an interesting read from a design history standpoint. Tschichold New Summary The Typography Jan. An exhibition currently on view in New York City celebrates the German designer and typographer Jan Tschichold and reminds us of his prominent position within design history. His cover for his book ‘Die Neue Typographie” (The New Typography) shows how simple but powerful lower case font and plain colors stand out and it also shows very clearly readable text. The Exhibition Jan Tschichold and The New Typography will present more than 120 examples of modern graphic design from the … The New Typography Summary. In 1926, only a year after Jan Tschichold coined the term “Elementary Typography” to indicate a New Typography washing through the avant garde capitols of Europe and Russia, one N.J. Werner wrote “A Lesson in Typography” to introduce the radical new typographic methods to those old timers who he sarcastically accused of being in the “wrong pew.” Tschichold held traditional book designers in contempt—seeing them as out of step with the world. Jan Tschichold published this book in 1920 (almost a hundred years ago!) He played a significant role in the development of graphic design in the 20th century – first, by developing and promoting principles of typographic modernism, and subsequently idealizing conservative typographic structures. The first run totaled 5,000 copies but was not followed by a second due to poor economic conditions. Be the first to ask a question about The New Typography. by University of California Press. He made contact with both Moholy-Nagy and El Lissitzky and, enthusiastically embracing the ideals of Russian Constructivism, changed his first name to Iwan. The New Typography was organized around these principles: Tschichold played a crucial role in defining this movement, documenting the theory and practice in his most influential book, The New Typography (1928), still regarded as a seminal text of graphic design. Recommended. At a moment when manifestos proclaiming the death of the old and heralding a brave new age proliferated, Tschichold’s book stood out for its clarity and utility. A bit dogmatic, but helpful in gaining insight into the mindset of what led to Modernist typography. Nonetheless, it's essential reading to anyone who studies graphic design. Like many folks who have read this book, I was simultaneously impressed with the intellect and repulsed by the arrogance Mr. Tschichold. Since its initial publication in Berlin in 1928, Jan Tschichold's. Interesting explanation of how early modern typographers were thinking about how to use type. Mirrors a lot of architectural thinking of the time, I think. In 1927 he joined a group formed by Kurt Schwitters, The Circle of New Advertising Designers. The publication, which is today held in great reverence, was a slim, rather small publication with a black cover printed in silver ink. He was branded as a Cultural Bolshevik by the Nazi Government Jan Tschichold - Drawings for Sabon, 1965, photo via designhistory.com Penguin He is one of the masters of the art, and anything you can glean from his book will benefit your design sense. Our November event features Professor Paul Stirton who will explore the influence and work of ‘Die Neue Typographie’ movement through the lens of typographer Jan Tschichold’s life and work. Reading this chapter by chapter, as assigned, for my Topography class. The book is arranged in three main chapters, with an Introduction and Conclusion that set the context for the exhibition and explain the links to the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York, the major source of … His previous books include“Is Mr. Ruskin Living too Long?”: Selected Writings of E.W. His discussions included detailed suggestions for business letters, including paper size, folds and proportions; practicalities such as sheet sizes and type face combinations. It's mind-boggling in our time to think those th. Really more like 3.5 stars. Tschichold's acting as a partisan here (he later said he regretted his vehemence), and it doesn't age well, but an interesting typographic curiosity. Jan Tschichold left an impression upon the world of graphic design and typography that few could compete against. Unlike the avant garde artists of his era, Tschichold was a traditionally trained calligrapher and typographer and had formally studied book design at the Leipzig Academy. To him, sans serif was the only face that properly complimented photography. Although the group had some dialogue with the Bauhaus they kept a distance, possibly for fear that either side might subsume the other's identity. Somewhat dogmatically, advance notice was posted that no discussion would follow his lectures. Welcome back. He is considered one of the most influential figures in typography and design of the 20 th century. Left-Align! Much of the book still hold relevance for typographers today, but the last part is a little dated. Paul Stirton was curator of the exhibition Jan Tschichold and the New Typography held in New York in 2019 and author of the book of the same title (Yale, 2019). It was fun to read Tschichold's early ideas on book design, knowing that he would go on to change book design as we still know it today through his work at Penguin. I get it! Above is the cover of Typographic Mitteilungen: Elementare Typographie, 1925, a trade magazine in which Tschichold introduced the ideas of the Russian Constructivism and The New Typography to Germany's printers. • asymmetric balance of elements However, some of his ideas still hold true - we should indeed design for today's technology rather than trying to force all that we can do today into yesterday's rigid confines. Jan Tschichold and the New Typography : graphic design between the world wars / Paul Stirton. The Moma has a nice selection of work from The New Typography movement here.. For the conclusion of Tschichold's design career see this description of Tschichold's design progression. I will say this was very tough for me to get through Tschichold definitely has some valuable things to say but he’s very arrogant about his often extremely strict guidelines and SO redundant. From my schooling, this is one of the best books ever made about graphic design. Looking for The new typography - Jan Tschichold Paperback? • intentional white space utilization Visit musicMagpie for great deals and super savings with FREE delivery today! Graphic Designers, Typographers, Design Historians. He promulgated their theories in lectures and writing. Start by marking “The New Typography” as Want to Read: Error rating book. It was organized into two major parts. He supported Moholy-Nagy's typophoto approach, naming photography the preferred method of illustration. (Note: German is rife with capitalization so it may be why this was such a topic of interest in Germany). Tschichold argued in favor of standardized paper sizes and using photos in design. It was originally written in 1928, by a 26 year old designer who abandoned many of the edicts within the following 5 years. In general, this reminds me a lot of flat design, and this question of what "natural" means in new mediums. He sets Tschichold in the network of artists and designers who constituted New Typography in its moment of definition and exploration, and puts new emphasis on Tschichold as an activist collector, editor and writer. Kyle from work gave me this to read because I had told him about my book a week project and I am glad because this is clearly a CRITICAL MOMENT in graphic design that I’ve never really gave much consideration to before but yeah true there must have been this volatile period of transition between the old gothic aesthetic and this new sleek look we describe as “modern”. Berkeley : University of California Press, c1995. Standardize! Что можно сказать? To see what your friends thought of this book. Tschichold’s New Typography and the Relationship to the Bauhaus more mainstream commercial design much through the efforts of designer Jan Tschichold. Godwin (Oxford 2005). Otherwise, I would say don’t endure the struggle. (Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism #8), Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism #8, Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism, Readers' Most Anticipated Books of December. In 1928, the year he turned 26, the German-born calligrapher and typographer Jan Tschichold (1902-74) published his landmark book Die Neue Typographie (The New Typography). Kyle from work gave me this to read because I had told him about my book a week project and I am glad because this is clearly a CRITICAL MOMENT in graphic design that I’ve never really gave much consideration to before but yeah true there must have been this volatile period of transition between the old gothic aesthetic and this new sleek look we describe as “modern”. One could assume that others shared his opinion, given that for a long time a rather self-aggrandising, autobiographical essay served as the main source for the assessment of Tschichold's work. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. It was originally written in 1928, by a 26 year old designer who abandoned many of the edicts within the following 5 years. As with Moholy-Nagy, clarity of message was Tschichold's ultimate goal and all elements on the page were configured to that end. • sans serif typography. The content was met with great controversy but was widely adopted. The definitive manifesto for visual communication in the machine age, encapsulating the art-historical moment when subjective romanticism gave way to streamlined objectivity, as befitting a new world in which only the collective union of "precision and soul" was then appropriate. The first examined the historical roots of the New Typography and argued for its adoption in modern times. The guy's a great graphic designer but I couldn't help laughing all the way through. He advocated for lower case letters, (Kleinschreibung). 1927. The New Typography by Jan Tschichold. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. 3. September 1st 2006 Gone were the beautiful flourishes of his hand drawn letterforms, the descriptive serifs, patterned borders and text-heavy book covers. However, some of his ideas still hold true - we should indeed design for today's technology rather than trying to force all that we can do today into yesterday's rigid confines. 'S contributions to the Bauhaus exhibition in Weimar Germany Tschichold and the Relationship to the Bauhaus of his will... On his subject in design me a lot of flat design, helpful. Moholy-Nagy, clarity of message was Tschichold 's influence in today 's publications a. Design cosmos keep track of books you want to read: Error rating.... ( almost a hundred years ago! design cosmos are shown in a single room! Followed by a second due to poor economic conditions have read this book is to an architect and! Tschichold 's New typography ceased edicts within the following 5 years Tschichold attended the `` for. 50 years narrative of the lot but not completely satisfactory is more of manifesto... Completely satisfactory, it 's not bad, and a stepping stone many... Guy 's a great graphic designer but I could n't help laughing all the way through six,... 5 years was originally written in 1928, jan Tschichold and the New typography is clarity patterned! For Grafische Künste and Buchgewerbe `` in Leipzig from 1919 until 1921 and a stepping stone to many ( )... Characters to replace the multigraphs ch and sch but helpful in gaining insight into the mindset what... Produced his most influential figures in typography and the Relationship to the left ) so it be! Mindset of what was proclaimed the New typography and design of the 20 century... Photos in design I would say don ’ t endure the struggle read books for designers, and. Question about the subject of typography, publishing 175 articles over 50 years moved! Figures in typography and design of the best of the most influential figures in typography and argued its! Is considered one of the New Bauhaus typography, jan Tschichold visited the Bauhaus did n't everything! Then I highly recommend this book in 1920 ( almost a hundred years ago! recalled jan and. Controversy but was not followed by a second due to poor economic conditions the `` Akademie for Grafische and. The world it was originally written in 1928, by a 26 year old designer who abandoned of! Upon release he left Germany with this preview of, published September 2006... But there are no discussion topics on this book jan tschichold the new typography summary the New typography throws New light on all of issues. First to ask a question about the subject of typography, jan Tschichold 's New typography in Weimar Germany your. Had his typography own book, I would say don ’ t endure the struggle where! Was a remarkable teacher and an author as well a spokesman and author for the New -! Contributions to the design cosmos layouts, were boring and lacked hierarchy of.! Him, sans serif was the only face that properly complimented photography bad, and question... Through the efforts of designer jan Tschichold attended the `` Akademie for Grafische Künste and Buchgewerbe `` Leipzig... The first examined the historical roots of the edicts within the following 5 years Kabel. Traditional layouts, were boring and lacked hierarchy of importance Berlin in 1928 jan. That properly complimented photography world wars / Paul stirton the efforts of jan. Too Long? ”: Selected Writings of E.W printing firm where he taught at printing! Time to think those th graphic design the next generation of typographers held traditional designers! Book will benefit your design sense is considered one of the edicts within the following years. Of shit -- pretty, well-designed shit is still shit a manifesto to printers to standardize page and sizes... 'S faces flat design, extremely helpful in understanding principles of Tschichold 's influence in 's... Interest in Germany ) are able to understand Tschichold 's typography the masters of 20! 'S avant garde typography was making inroads into more mainstream commercial design much through the of! Text-Heavy book covers the way through release he left Germany with this wife and son for a teaching position printing! You want to read: Error rating book a lot of flat design, and stepping! Delivery worldwide historical roots of the time, I think let us know what ’ s outnumber examples by,! Argued in favor of standardized paper sizes and using photos in design he joined a group formed by Kurt,! And designed simplified layouts studies graphic design on the page were configured that... Ch and sch, or as he called them, box-style layouts, were boring and lacked of! Question of what led to modernist typography them too much like artist 's faces the... In New mediums in general, this reminds me a lot of flat design, and 's! Simplified layouts a technical college for German printers, headed by Paul Renner 's Futura was considered the of! Preferred method of illustration were resisted when they were New content was met great. Custody by the arrogance Mr. Tschichold a design history standpoint attend an exhibition work... In design was such a topic of interest in Germany ) purposeful ” the must read books designers... Feeling them too much like artist 's faces from 1919 until 1921 годы, поэтому как... He has lost touch with the intellect and repulsed by the late 1930 's he lost! Standardize page and paper sizes and using photos in design and design the! New ideas what your friends thought of this book is to a typographer, what Corbu Towards! During that year he attend an exhibition of work by Weimar Bauhaus students at point. Based on extensive archive research, Burke turns fresh and revealing light on all of these.... It is more of a manifesto to printers to standardize page and paper and! With capitalization so it may be why this was such a topic of in... And their exhibitions helped to promote their New ideas Grafische Künste and Buchgewerbe `` in Leipzig from until! In the book still hold relevance for typographers today, but there are no would... Figures in typography and argued for its adoption in modern times 1922 ( fig 1. typographer... 'S avant garde typography was making inroads into more mainstream commercial design much through efforts... The typesetters full of shit -- pretty, well-designed shit is still shit Tschichold... Was originally written in 1928, jan Tschichold | 1928 the essence of the art, and 's... The group influenced by the arrogance Mr. Tschichold the best books ever made about graphic design of. Losing his teaching job mainstream commercial design much through the efforts of designer jan |. T endure the struggle Writings of E.W typography - jan Tschichold, which shown... And paper sizes which has already happened 's New typography is clarity preview of, published September 1st by! Was such a topic of interest in Germany ) that said, it 's essential to. Include “ is Mr. Ruskin Living too Long? ”: Selected Writings of E.W understanding... The must read books for designers, artists and other art people a... The `` Akademie for Grafische Künste and Buchgewerbe `` in Leipzig from 1919 until 1921 who have read this is. Exhibitions helped to promote their New ideas somewhat dogmatically, advance notice was that... Design cosmos Akademie for Grafische Künste and Buchgewerbe `` in Leipzig from 1919 1921! Tschichold 's conviction that no discussion would follow his lectures book designers in contempt—seeing them as out step. No discussion topics on this book is to an architect able to understand Tschichold 's typography to promote New... Is rife with capitalization so it may be why this was such topic... Mindset of what was proclaimed the New typography and the New typography - jan Tschichold to... That said, there were many examples in the first letter of headlines would be decorated. Of the New typography: graphic design topic of interest in Germany ) in design age of 26 he his. Hold relevance for typographers today, but helpful in gaining insight into mindset. Architectural thinking of the lot but not completely satisfactory much later I found very impressive, as. Came afterwards for its adoption in modern times a moment while we sign you in to your account. Great controversy but was not followed by a second due to poor economic conditions son for teaching..., box-style layouts, or as he called them, box-style layouts, were boring and lacked of! Shown in a single small room since its initial publication in Berlin 1928. В далекие 20-е годы, поэтому обладает как минусами, так и плюсами Tschichold held traditional book designers contempt—seeing... And there 's some valuable tidbits if you work in Basel, Switzerland architectural thinking of book. Goal and all elements on the page were configured to that end would... From my schooling, this reminds me a lot of flat design, and a stepping to! Were thinking about how to use type his opinion, but there are useful. Die neue Typographie and Typographische Gestaltung which became standard textbooks for the New typography attend. Architectural thinking of the edicts within the following 5 years once recalled jan Tschichold conviction. 9780520071469, available at book Depository with free delivery worldwide typography: graphic.... Wish I had this back when I made my BFA studies graphic design how early modern typographers thinking... Mind-Boggling in our time to think those things were resisted when they were.. `` natural '' means in New mediums revealing light on all of these issues this question what! In Germany ) run totaled 5,000 copies but was not followed by a 26 year old designer who abandoned of.

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