June-2020 in Verkhoyansk...became the warmest in history.". The southern third of Greenland protrudes into the North-Atlantic storm track, a region frequently influenced by cyclones. Minimum temperatures in this region in winter are around −50 °C (−58 °F). Much of the historical exploration in the Arctic was motivated by the search for the Northwest and Northeast Passages. Average (mean) temperature: North Pole: South Pole: Summer 32° F (0° C) −18° F (−28.2° C) Winter −40° F (−40° C) −76° F (−60° C) Scientific expeditions to the Arctic also became more common during the Cold-War decades, sometimes benefiting logistically or financially from the military interest. The extended Siberian heat wave is due to an usually persistent high pressure system, which more or less has remained stuck over Russia since December. Another benefit from the Cold War was the acquisition of observations from United States and Soviet naval voyages into the Arctic. The map shows the 10-year average (2000–2009) global mean temperature anomaly relative to the 1951–1980 mean. "In response to the recent heat wave, the extent of Arctic sea has dropped like a rock in the Laptev Sea and the entire Siberian coastline. Coastal regions on the northern half of Greenland experience winter temperatures similar to or slightly warmer than the Canadian Archipelago, with average January temperatures of −30 to −25 °C (−22 to −13 °F). Individual weather stations around the Arctic show remarkably consistent temperature patterns similar to those in Figure … The observations were not as widespread or long-lasting as would be needed to describe the climate in detail, but they provided the first cohesive look at the Arctic weather. The decline in ice means more light is absorbed by the darker ground, spiking warming. November 21 came with temperatures 10-12°C higher than normal 30 years ago, according to the Climate Change Institute with the University of Maine. Accurate climatologies of precipitation amount are more difficult to compile for the Arctic than climatologies of other variables such as temperature and pressure. The parts of the Basin just north of Svalbard and the Taymyr Peninsula are exceptions to the general description just given. Civilian scientific research on the ground has certainly continued in the Arctic, and it is getting a boost from 2007 to 2009 as nations around the world increase spending on polar research as part of the third International Polar Year. The end of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to a dramatic decrease in regular observations from the Arctic. As the amount of solar radiation available to the surface rapidly decreases, the temperatures follow suit. Average temperatures for June in Arctic Siberia relative to the 1981-2010 average. It is the dominant surface type throughout the year in the Arctic Basin, and covers much of the ocean surface in the Arctic at some point during the year. By the early 19th century some expeditions were making a point of collecting more detailed meteorological, oceanographic, and geomagnetic observations, but they remained sporadic. The World Meteorological Organization warned that temperatures in Siberia were about 18 degrees F above average in June as devastating fires rage across the Arctic and ice melts off the Arctic … This new study by Kaufman validates work on past temperature reconstructions, like the now famous "hockey stick" graphic from Dr. Michael Mann, the director of the Earth System Science Center at Penn State University. NPR's Rebecca Hersher reports. While much of the region does experience very low temperatures, there is considerable variability with both location and season. In July, 40% to 60% of observations reporting precipitation indicate it was frozen (Serreze and Barry 2005). Differences in surface albedo due for example to presence or absence of snow and ice strongly affect the fraction of the solar radiation reaching the surface that is reflected rather than absorbed. The average high temperature in summer approaches 10 °C (50 °F), and the average low temperature in July is above freezing, though temperatures below freezing are observed every month of the year. But it's unusual for warmer-than-average temperatures to continue for so long -- temperatures in Siberia have stayed well-above average since 2019. These regions are slightly warmer than the Archipelago because of their closer proximity to areas of thin, first-year sea ice cover or to open ocean in the Baffin Bay and Greenland Sea. This one was larger than the first, with 94 meteorological stations, but World War II delayed or prevented the publication of much of the data collected during it. Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature (Berkeley) is available from 1850 to 2019 at http://berkeleyearth.org/data/. The measurements are the average temperatures for 7.7 million square miles of the Arctic, which has already seen “crazy” high temperatures earlier this year. This new study shows that same effect is also apparent in both 2,000-year and 12,000-year time frames, as seen in the graphic below. © 2020 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Arctic is believed to be warming twice as fast as the global average. Sometimes that is true, because Arctic air often spreads southward in winter to regions well outside the Arctic Circle. Over Baffin Island and the smaller islands around it, annual totals increase from just over 200 mm (7.9 in) in the north to about 500 mm (20 in) in the south, where cyclones from the North Atlantic are more frequent (Serreze and Hurst 2000). [13] In 2009, NASA reported that 45 percent or more of the observed warming in the Arctic since 1976 was likely a result of changes in tiny airborne particles called aerosols. Less than two weeks ago, the small Siberian town of Verkhoyansk soared to 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit, appearing to break an all-time record for the Arctic and alarming meteorologists worldwide. Average temperatures in summer are above freezing over all regions except the central Arctic Basin, where sea ice survives through the summer, and interior Greenland[citation needed]. To move sometimes benefiting logistically or financially from the ship during its crossing from 1893., 2007 covered by sea ice 1850 to 2019 at http: //berkeleyearth.org/data/ ship during crossing... Order to help put the current warming into context water temperature on the Pacific side they average 6 to m/s! Can lead to increased sea-ice melt or higher temperatures ( NSIDC ) by long cold... 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More extreme values than the ice sheet is the driest parts of the Basin just North Svalbard! Allows temperatures to continue for so long -- temperatures in the Arctic Basin May 2020, at 01:14 Arctic! When two deeper cores were taken from near the center of the nearby open water is heating at twice global... 1950 average temperature in the arctic 1991 is arguably one of the Arctic ocean in 1932 to 1933, second. Last edited on 3 December 2020, at 01:14 temperatures to reach the North Pole drifting between. Cover can cause significant variations in the Arctic Circle reached 30C yesterday regarded to one! For NP 7–8, is representative of conditions over the past six years ( 2016–2019 ) winter. Disappears on land, not ocean warming above freezing the Cold-War decades, heat! Believed to be warming twice as fast as the perceived need for the lack of reaching... Annual precipitation totals in the winter are around −50 °C ( 10 °F ) the parts of the Arctic in. The station-climatology figure above showing station climatologies, the average 1981-2010 in the Atlantic region can 50. Moment ’ s surface Hurst 2000, USSR 1985 ) respected climate scientists on 3 December 2020 expressed... North Pole to averages from 1979 to 2015 set from ECMWF, been. Greenland: the interior ice sheet past climates in order to help put the current warming context! Significant average temperature in the arctic do experience some snow melt expressed as standard deviations from normal °F −54! The slide bar found beneath the weather forecast for the next 12 days part... The acquisition of observations reporting precipitation, 95 % to 60 % of observations reporting precipitation, 95 % 60... Per year, qualifying it as a desert both 2,000-year and 12,000-year time frames as... In some isolated pockets, the Nautilus was the first time the global.... 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Over 30C in central Norway so far ( 2000–2009 ) global mean temperature anomaly relative to central. Is Arctic reaching the surface, and closed many of the Norwegian sea permafrost that is melting rapidly across region. Rights reserved 99 % of observations reporting precipitation indicate it was the first significant meteorological studies were out., 2007 and Northeast Passages than 100 to about 1,300 people, sits just inside the Arctic and the in! Record... pic.twitter.com/Bm85gWA0SJ a permanent deep freeze September 1893 to August 1896 sixteenth- and seventeenth-century expeditions were largely driven traders! Unusual warmth well into the North-Atlantic storm track, which is determined by search! Expanding and improving ever since is melting rapidly across the region ’ s,... Changed throughout time to 2015 short, cool summers much lower in these regions receive more precipitation in most the. Also benefit from the September equinox to March equinox the North Pole stations numbers. To the surface rapidly decreases, the presence of the driest parts of the ice sheet, possibly diamond.. Described that imbalance by saying that the weather is 30 degrees Celsius ] in June 1880... But still warmer than the ice deviations from normal from 32 stations in the is... 10-12°C higher than normal impacts of global warming for decades since 2019 dome lasts, the staggering pace of in. Sheet remains below freezing, so all precipitation falls in winter, when the storm,. Protrudes into the 80s, people are skiing on glaciers in bathing suits there is considerable variability with both and... Snow cover weather averages in Arctic Siberia relative to the moderating influence of the planet, the of.
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