PubMed Central Health care in Saudi Arabia is a national health care system in which the government provides free health care services through a number of government agencies. Correlation between PHQ-2 & PHQ-9 scores. Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Hahn SR, Morganstein D: Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. There … The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (October 2017) Vol. In developing countries, 10-44% suffer from depression and anxiety disorders, and less than 35% of the depressed receive medical care [13]. 1997, 12 (7): 439-445. Blood money is a compensation given to the family of the deceased, in case of accidental or homicidal death. Patients included in the survey analysis were 477, of whom 66.2% were females, 77.4% were married, and nearly 20% were illiterate. Cumulative prevalence for all types of depression is between 15.3-22%, for patients seen in primary care [5, 6]. Each day, the nursing staff distributed questionnaires to 2–5 patients in each center based on a random number for the day, matching with the last digit of medical record number. But screening for these potential comorbidities in a hospital’s accident and emergency department has seldom been undertaken, particularly in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the Middle East. Diyya: The Supreme Judicial Council. Depression in patients with cardiovascular disease. In Riyadh Becker et al., found depression prevalence to be 20% in primary care settings [23, 24]. Ltd. is primarily engaged as the Manufacturers, Exporters and Suppliers of Ayurvedic Medicine, Herbal Medicine, Herbal Cough Medicine, Herbal Energy Medicine, Herbal Cough Syrup. Br J Psychiatry. If their depression, anxiety, and stress levels are found to be high, timely intervention should be provided. Study subjects living single were 108 (22.6%). No other significant relationships were found with other variables such as marital status, age, monthly income, working status, house space, house owner ship, chronic diseases, coffee intake and smoking among the study subjects.PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 were analyzed in term of calculating the severity scores for each question for the last 2 weeks. Moreover, WQ has drafted and revised the manuscript. Nease DE, Maloin JM: Depression screening: a practical strategy. Gender and higher level of education were found to be significantly associated with screened depression. Those currently having an occupation were 259 (54.3%), housewives 45% and over 85% were living in a rented house. The study funded by King Abdullah International Medical Research (KAIMRC) at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA). CAS and Nease et al., found that one time screening with PHQ-9 is cost effective rather than the annual and periodic screening [38, 40]. 2009, 39 (2): 653-663. CAS Abdul Wahid et al. Saudi Med J. Globally prevalence of depression has been reported as increasing, in the last decade [12]. This is a conservative estimate. Many international studies however differ in results and found the opposite that depression was more likely to be associated with lesser educational level [15, 53–56]. http://www.bettermedicine.com/topic/depression/, http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/depression.html, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/511167, http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf09/adultdepression/addeprrs.htm, http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf09/depression/chdeprrs.htm, http://data.worldbank.org/country/saudi-arabia, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/14/190/prepub, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. For conservative estimates in calculations, the suicide incidence rate was reduced to 1% of the patients with moderate-severe symptoms of depression (0.2% of total), screened in this study. Although it is a global condition, its awareness is limited in developing countries. At the end, I would like to thank all the people who participated in the research for their patience and kindness. Lifetime risk of suicide varies between 4-15% of patients with major depression, and up to 3.6% of the depressed patients with or without receiving treatment in primary care for major depression are likely to commit suicide every year [46]. Google Scholar. Adult depression screening in Saudi primary care: prevalence, instrument and cost. A cross sectional study was conducted at three large primary care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia aiming at estimating point prevalence of depression and screening cost among primary care adult patients, and comparing Patient Health Questionnaires PHQ-2 with PHQ-9. There was a significant relationship between prevalence of depression with female gender (Mann Whitney 22864, Z 1.97, p-value 0.049), and with higher level of education (Kruskal Wallis chi-square 14.9, p-value 0.002). Our simplified analysis showed that the total direct cost of care for a thousand persons screened for depression in primary healthcare setting was one third million SAR/year ($85,067) (Table 4). Moreover, these medicines guarantee natural healing and strength in the immune system. Elle s’adresse aux patients, aux professionnels de santé mais aussi aux aidants. The survey forms were distributed and collected between 1st of June, 2012 till 31th of August, 2012. Comparing our study results with a study done in United States, we found our rates to be higher across the board; mild cases (31% vs 9.9%), moderate (13.4% vs 3.7%), moderate to severe cases (4.4% vs 1.4%), and severe (1% vs 0.5%) [52]. 2003, 64 (12): 1465-1475. I hope to go ahead and help the medical field as much as possible. I would like to express appreciation and great thanks to Dr. Ali Al-Farhan, Head of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City and Dr. Mohammed Al-Ateeq, Residency Program Director, Family Medicine and Primary Health Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City for their support and cooperation. General medicines, such as painkillers, cough medicine and eye drops, are widely available in supermarkets and large stores. Barrett B, Byford S, Knapp M: Evidence of cost-effective treatments for depression: a systematic review. Part of Apply for CELPIP without exams Saudi Arabia Apply for PTE without exams CANADA|Apply for TOEFL without exam (Whatsapp +44 7833 021941) Buy Registered IELTS-PTE-TOEFL Test Certificates Online #Buy IELTS Without Exams In JAPAN,CHINA,USA,ITALY,BRAZIL; buypmpwithoutexam@yahoo.com Buy PMP certification online Middle East Majority of the cases were mild to moderate cases. The ideal blend of "Ancient knowledge of Medicine based on Natural and Holistic Living" with "Modern Scientific Research and Validation Techniques. According to 2001 Health Report of WHO, nearly 15% of patients with major depression have lifetime risk of committing suicide [7], although recent estimates are as low as 4%. Depression is a mental illness which causes persistent low mood, a sense of despair, and has multiple risk factors. A simple cost-analysis was done by estimating direct and indirect costs of depression, followed by an estimate of possible cost-savings that may emerge as a beneficial outcome of improved screening and management of depression. Eisenberg L: Treating depression and anxiety in the primary care setting. BMC Psychiatry WQ conceived of the study, and participated in its design, coordination, and performed the statistical analysis. 2011, 24 (1): 33-38. Our executives would be happy to assist you. JAMA. Luni FK, Ansari B, Jawad A, Dawson A, Baig SM: Prevalence of depression and anxiety in a village in Sindh. PHQ 9 and PHQ 2 scores were also positively correlated to ‘impact on daily living’ with R = 0.49, R2 = 0.24, F Statistic = 150.3, p-value <0.001, and R = 0.42, R2 = 0.18, F Statistic = 102.2, p-value <0.001 respectively, with regression equations PHQ-9 = 3.6 + 4.2 (Q-10), and PHQ-2 = 1 + 1.2 (Q-10). Our team picks every herb or ingredient individually after the deep research on disease and medicine require curing that. Similarly home-makers were estimated to be only half of the females in the study. BMJ. Nearly half of the adults walking into primary care clinics had depressive symptoms, in our study. J Family Community Med. Pak J Med Sci. 2005, Available from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/511167, Bethesda: Table 1: prevalence of depressive illness. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (July 2017) Vol.68, Page 974-981 received:8/4/2017 479 Accepted:16/4/2017 DOI: 10.12816/0038197 Depression among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia Najeeb saleh alsalameh 1, Adnan khalifah alkhalifah , Najat kreem alkhaldi2, Alsafa abdulaziz alkulaib3 Qassim university college of medicine1 Corresponding author : Najeeb saleh alsalameh … In Saudi Arabia, prevalence has been estimated in several studies, with rates varying in different populations, age groups, times, and geographic locations. PubMed Central Adult individuals were screened using Arabic version of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9. BetterMedicine. Simple cost estimates using basic percentages, using references from other studies and making some safe assumptions, it can be demonstrated that of screening for depression in primary care, is cost-saving. Corresponding Author. Shim RS, Baltrus P, Ye J, Rust G: Prevalence, treatment, and control of depressive symptoms in the United States: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005–2008. 2011, 6 (8): e22884-, CAS Google Scholar. N Engl J Med. In retrospect not more than half a century ago, lifestyle of the majority of the population was nomadic and there was hardly any wealth. Verbal and written consent were obtained from the respondents, clarifying the main purpose of the study, the importance of the respondent views, thanking in advance and assuring strict confidentiality of the information. More specifically, … Other jobs were excluded from the analysis. Abbreviations. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995, 6 (2): 162-175. No local study has noted this relationship previously or one found no differences between being literate or illiterate [21]. The severity score of PHQ-2 ranged between 0–6 points (mean of 1.57 ± 1.63SD) and that of PHQ-9 was found ranging between 0–27 points (mean of 5.57 ± 4.91SD) (See Figure 1). 1999, 14 (9): 739-747. Correspondence to: Bander Khalid Jarwan, E-mail: dr.jarwan@hotmail.com Received November 9, 2014. ALIBRAHIM O, AL-SADAT N, ELAWAD N: Gender and risk of depression in Saudi Arabia, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. Edited by: Haden A, Campanini B. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-190, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-190. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdul Aziz Medical City-National Guard (KAMC-NG) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in three large primary care centers, serving a population having nearly 60 thousand adults. 2002, 32 (3): 271-283. This class represents 67% of the top used drugs in Saudi Arabia. Médecin urologue sexologue Hopital universitaire international Cheikh Zaid فبراير 2019 - مايو 2019 4 شهور. Al-Qadhi, W., ur Rahman, S., Ferwana, M.S. 2002, 23 (6): 721-724. Ayuso-Mateos JL, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Dowrick C, Lehtinen V, Dalgard OS, Casey P, Wilkinson C, Lasa L, Page H, Dunn G, Wilkinson G, ODIN Group: Depressive disorders in Europe: prevalence figures from the ODIN study. 2003, 327 (7424): 1144-1146. PubMed WHO reported depression as the leading cause of disability as measured by years lost due to disability (YLD) and the 4th leading contributor to the global burden of disease, as calculated by (DALYs) Disability Adjusted Life Years; depression is already the second major cause of DALYs lost in the age category 15–44 years for both sexes combined [5, 7, 15]. Also, SR has been involved in drafting the manuscript. Chisholm D, Sanderson K, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Saxena S: Reducing the global burden of depression Population-level analysis of intervention cost-effectiveness in 14 world regions. Our results need further validation by conducting population based studies, or within primary care clinics with a larger sample size and confirmation of screened patients with some gold standard for measuring depression. Website Designed & SEO By Webclick Digital Pvt. The primary objective of this study was to estimate point prevalence of screened depression in primary health care settings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on the basis of screening instruments. Saudi Arabia has been ranked among the 26 best countries in providing high quality healthcare. To further satisfy our needs to simplify, we explored the use of PHQ-2 by correlating with PHQ-9. SA: Saudi Arabia . in 2011, reported an overall prevalence of depression nearing 12%, with 6% as severe cases, in the south-eastern region [22]. Spitzer R, Williams J, Kroenke K: Patient health questionnair (PHQ) screeners. volume 14, Article number: 190 (2014) Majority of cases were mild to moderate, PHQ-2 was equivocal to PHQ 9 in utility and that screening for depression in primary care setting is cost saving. E-mail address: [email protected] Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt and Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia . Determination of the prevalence of stress and to identify the risk factors of stress among Saudi medical students at Faculty of Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. PHQ-2 scores were correlated with PHQ-9 scores using linear regression. References. Whooley MA, Avins AL, Miranda J, Browner WS: Case-finding instruments for depression. 2004, 39 (12): 962-966. 2004, 184 (5): 393-403. Medhat M. Bassiony M.B.B.Ch, M.Sc, M.D. A total of 550 questionnaires were distributed, 39 (7%) refused to participate, 23 (4.1%) were excluded from the study with pre-existing depression or affective disorders according to the medical records, and 11 (2%) incomplete questionnaires were rejected. Individuals and the society as a whole are stressed in trying to adapt to pace of modernization. Elle représente la nouvelle plateforme numériques de programmes de Soutien aux Patients. 2003, 41 (11): 1284-1292. Nearly half of the patients visiting primary care have some depressive symptoms, which require further exploration into their psychiatric history. California Privacy Statement, Box 11623, Riyadh 11544, Saudi Arabia c Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia PLoS One. Al Ibrahim et al., in 2010 showed an overall prevalence of 41% in a systematic review on depression [19]. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. 1997, 170: 473-478. The indirect costs due to lost productivity came around 1.3 million SAR per year ($346,667) for a thousand persons screened in primary health care. Between 45-95% (overall 69%) of patients with depression present with somatic symptoms [3]. PubMed 2009, 54 (10): 891-893. Ultra-short screening instrument, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) asking two simple questions about mood and anhedonia, is as effective as longer screening instruments, such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or Zung Depression Scale (ZDS) [32, 35, 36]. Article Narrow WE, Rae DS, Robins LN, Regier DA: Revised prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the United States: using a clinical significance criterion to reconcile 2 surveys' estimates. 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